EFEKTIVITAS NEW START TREATY DALAM PENGURANGAN SENJATA NUKLIR AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN RUSIA TAHUN 2018-2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15642/siyar.2022.2.2.143-161Keywords:
Efektifitas Rezim, The New START Treaty, Pengendalian Senjata, Amerika Serikat, RusiaAbstract
Pengembangan senjata nuklir antara Amerika Serikat dan Rusia yang signifikan mengancam keamanan internasional. Masalah itu membuat kedua negara perlu mencari solusi untuk pengurangan kepemilikan senjata nuklir melalui New START Treaty. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas dari perjanjian yang dilakukan oleh kedua negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya New START Treaty mampu mengurangi kepemilikan serta pengembangan senjata nuklir antara kedua negara, meskipun selama perjanjian berlangsung Amerika Serikat menaruh kecurigaan terhadap Rusia karena melanggar perjanjian.Downloads
References
Aditya, T. dkk. “The New START Treaty antara Amerika Serikat dengan Rusia”, E-SOSPOL VI no. 1(1), 2019.
Ashley, R. P. Jr. Russian and Chinese Nuclear Modernization Trends. Institut Hudson. 2019.
Blank, S. “Is Russia Violating the New START Treaty?”. 2018. https://defense.info/global-dynamics/2018/11/is-russia-violating-the-New-start-treaty
Brooks, L. Understanding New START and the Nuclear Posture Review. 2021. https://www.armscontrol.org/events/2010-04/understanding-New-START-nuclear-posture-review-transcript-briefing-now-available
Creswell, J. W. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches. Yogyakarta: PT. Pustaka Pelajar. 2010.
Diakov, A. S., Neuneck, G. & Rusten, L. New START: Extension under what Circumstances?. 2021. https://deepcuts.org/publications/issue-briefs#c2251.
Dodge, M. New START and the Future of U.S. National Security. 2021. https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/BG3407_0.pdf.
Haley, P. E., Keithley, D. M. & Merritt, J. Nuclear Strategy, Arms Control, and The Future. Colorado: Westview Press, Inc. 1985.
Harman, S. Confidence Building Measure. 2021. https://www.britanica.com/topic/confidence-building-measure.
Hurley, J. A. Weapons of Mass Destruction: Opposing Viewpoint. California: Green Haven Press, Inc. 1999.
Nuclear Threat Initiative. Treaty Between the United States of America and The Russian Federation on Measures for The Further Reduction And Limitation Of Strategic Offensive Arms. 2021. https://www.nti.org/learn/treaties-and-regimes/treaty-between-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-russian-federation-on-measures-for-the-further-reduction-and-limitation-of-strategic-offensive-arms/.
Jastrow, R. How to make nuclear weapon obsolete. Toronto: Little, Brown and Company. 1985.
Kartasasmita. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Konsep Pembangunan yang Berakar pada Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: UG. 1997.
Kimball, D. G. Begin With New START, Not a New Arms Race. 2020. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2020-06/focus/begin-New-START-not-New-arms-race.
Kimball, D. G. The START III Framework at a Glance. 2019. https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/START3.
Klotz, F. G. The Military Case for Extending the New START Agreement. 2021. https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE350.html.
Krasner, S. D. International Regime. New York: Cornel University Press. 1982.
Miles, E. L., & Underdal, A. Environmental Regime Effectiveness Confronting Theory with Evidence London: The MIT Press. 2002.
Morissan. Metode Penelitian Survei. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group. 2012.
Norris, R. S. & Kristensen, H. M. Nuclear U.S. and Soviet/Russian Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles 1959-2008. 2021.
Patty & Geller, J. New Start: The U.S Should Not Extend the Dangerously Flawed Treaty for Five More Years. 2021. http://report.heritage.org/ib5043.
Pifer, S. The Next Round: The United States and Nuclear Arms Reductions After New START. 2021. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/12_arms_control_pifer.pdf.
Podvig, P. Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 2001.
Probowisesa, A. Prospek New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Dalam Kepemilikan Senjata Nuklir Amerika Serikat Dan Rusia. Skripsi, Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. 2014.
Puentes, D. et. al. The Possible Expiration of the New START, the Last Nuclear Bilateral Treaty Between the United States and the Russian Federation. 2021. https://www.sciencepolicyjournal.org/uploads/5/4/3/4/5434385/puentes_kuhn_boodoo_etal_jspg_v16.pdf.
Roskin, M. G. & Berry, N. O. The New World of International Relations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 1997.
Smith, B. Verification After the New START Treaty: Back to the Future. 2021. https://www.nipp.org/2020/07/14/smith-bryan-verification-after-the-New-START-treaty-back-to-the-future.
Torres, J. I. C. The New START Treaty: Containing the black elephant, 2021. http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/docs_informativos/2021/DIEEEI01_2021_JOSCAS_NewSTART_ENG.pdf.
Underdal, A. One Question Two Answer. Cambridge: MIT Press. 2001.
United State Government. NEW START TREATY. 2021. https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/140035.pdf.
United State Government. Annual Report on Implementation of the New START Treaty – 2019. 2019. https://2017-2021.state.gov/annual-report-on-implementation-of-the-New-START-treaty-2019/index.html.
Vaddi, P. R. Hearing on the Importance of the New START Treaty. 2021. https://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA00/20191204/110302/HMTG-116-FA00-Wstate-VaddiP-20191204.pdf.
Washington, B. Why ‘New START’ Nuclear Treaty Split Biden from Trump. 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/News/articles/2021-01-28/why-New-START-nuclear-treaty-split-biden-from-trump-quicktake.
Woolf, A. F. The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions. 2021. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/R41219.pdf.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2022-07-01 (2)
- 2022-07-01 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 SIYAR Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
