Demokratisasi Selama Pandemi COVID-19
Studi Kasus Rasisme di Amerika Serikat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15642/jiir.2021.6.2.37-52Keywords:
democration; democratization; United States of America; racismAbstract
The United States has experienced the decline of democracy in the past decade. This study aims to describe the importance of democratization during Covid-19 pandemic with a case study of racism in the United States. Through the concepts of democracy and democratization, with a qualitative approach method, the author intends to analyze the urgency of democratization in the United States in overcoming the increase cases of racism during the Covid-19 pandemic. The result showed that the role of democracy in overcoming cases of racism in the United States had a big influence, both during the pandemic and post-pandemic conditions.Downloads
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References
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Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney’s Office, and Northern District of Georgia. 2021. “Federal Law Enforcement Leaders Address Hate Crimes and Racism Targeting the AAPI Community.” March 26, 2021. https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndga/pr/federal-law-enforcement-leaders-address-hate-crimes-and-racism-targeting-aapi-community.
Eric C. Schneider, Robert J. Blendon, John M. Benson, Arnav Shah. 2021. “After a Year of Pandemic and Crisis, How Have Americans’ Values Changed? | Commonwealth Fund.” March 31, 2021. https://doi.org/10.26099/jyvt-4990.
Grugel, Jean. 2002. Democratization: A Critical Introduction. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire?; New York, N.Y: Palgrave.
Ho, Jennifer. 2021. “Anti-Asian Racism, Black Lives Matter, and COVID-19.” Japan Forum 33 (1): 148–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/09555803.2020.1821749.
Joseph R. Biden Jr. 2021. “Memorandum Condemning and Combating Racism, Xenophobia, and Intolerance Against Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the United States.” The White House. January 26, 2021. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/26/memorandum-condemning-and-combating-racism-xenophobia-and-intolerance-against-asian-americans-and-pacific-islanders-in-the-united-states/.
Lieberman, Robert C. 1998. Shifting the Color Line: Race and the American Welfare State. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Marable, Manning. 2001. “Structural Racism and American Democracy: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives.” Souls 3 (1): 6–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999949.2001.12098159.
Marian Liu, Rachel Hatzipanagos. 2021. “‘Nobody Came, Nobody Helped’: Fears of Anti-Asian Violence Rattle the Community.” Washington Post. February 25, 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/02/25/asian-hate-crime-attack-patrol/.
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Sam Cabral. 2021. “Kejahatan kebencian terhadap orang Asia-Amerika di AS meningkat: Dari penghinaan hingga pembunuhan.” BBC News. March 4, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-56249817/embed.
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———. 2021. “2020-2021 National Report.” Stop AAPI Hate (blog). March 16, 2021. https://stopaapihate.org/2020-2021-national-report/.
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The White House. 2021. “Fact Sheet: U.S. Efforts to Combat Systemic Racism.” The White House. March 21, 2021. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/21/fact-sheet-u-s-efforts-to-combat-systemic-racism/.
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Published
2021-11-23
How to Cite
Zulfah, I. N. A. P. . (2021). Demokratisasi Selama Pandemi COVID-19: Studi Kasus Rasisme di Amerika Serikat. Journal of Integrative International Relations, 6(2), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.15642/jiir.2021.6.2.37-52
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