Kepentingan Pemerintah Djibouti dalam Menerima Kehadiran Pangkalan Militer Asing Tiongkok
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15642/siyar.2021.1.2.85-115Keywords:
Kata kunci: Tiongkok, Pangkalan Militer Luar Negeri Tiongkok, Djibouti, Kepentingan.Abstract
Pada tahun 2016, Pemerintah Djibouti menerima permintaan Pemerintah Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRC) untuk membangun pangkalan militer di Djibouti. Kebijakan tersebut merupakan kebijakan yang dinilai beresiko, mengingat sudah terdapat kedatangan militer Amerika Serikat, yang mana antara Amerika Serikat dengan Tiongkok yang sama-sama memiliki konflik kepentingan dan rivalitas akan berdiri berdampingan di Djibouti. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepentingan Pemerintah Djibouti dalam menerima kedatangan pangkalan militer asing tiongkok. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian eksplanasi. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi dan penggalian data internet. Teori Rational Choice menurut Graham T. Allison digunakan sebagai kerangka analisis dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari analisis penelitian ini adalah peneliti mendapatkan kepentingan yang membuat Pemerintah Djibouti menerima permintaan untuk membangun pangkalan militer Tiongkok di Djibouti, antara lain: (1) hubungan antara Djibouti dengan Tiongkok semakin erat, (2) menarik minat investor dari Tiongkok, (3) membantu Djibouti dalam mengatasi permasalahan keamanan yang ada di wilayahnya, (4) memperoleh pendapatan dari biaya sewa lahan yang digunakan sebagai pangkalan militer Tiongkok.Downloads
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References
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Yuting, Su. “China, Djibouti Presidents Agree to Establish Strategic Partnership”. Diakses dari situs Youtube: CGTN Africa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JEkrUt6IUA pada 27 Juni 2020
Zhen, Liu. “US warns airmen to beware of laser attacks near China’s military base in Djibouti”,.Diakses dari situs South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2144387/us-warns-airmen-beware-laser-attacks-near-chinas pada 31 Mei 20
Ali, Mahamoud Youssouf. “We Welcome China in Djibouti, just as We Welcomed the West”. Diakses dari situs Defense One. https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2016/08/we-welcome-china-djibouti-just-we-welcomed-west/130765/ pada 13 April 2020
Allison, Graham T. “Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis” dalam jurnal The American Political Science Review. JSTOR. (1969):3
Anon. “Djibouti”. Diakses dari situs China.org.cn. http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/focac/183543.htm pada 27 Juni 2020
Anon. “National Interest and International Interest”. PowerPoint Slide. diakses pada 5 Oktober 2019
Blair, Edmund. “China to Start Work Soon on Naval Base in Djibouti – Guelleh”. Diakses dari situs Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-djibouti-china/china-to-start-work-soon-on-naval-base-in-djibouti-guelleh-idUKKCN0VB1Z6 pada 3 Juni 2020
Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook,.“Djibouti”. Diakses dari situs “World Factbook” https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/print_dj.html pada 20 Februari 2020
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Hurley, John Scott Morris dan Gailyn Portelance. “Examining the Debt Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative from a Policy Perspective”. Center for Global Development Policy Paper No. 121, (2018)
Jeong-ho, Lee. “How the tiny African nation of Djibouti became the linchpin in China’s belt and road plan”. Diakses dari situs South China Morning Post. https://scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3007924/how-tiny-african-nation-djibouti-became-linchpin-chinas-belt pada 20 Maret 2020
Johnson, Kevin. “Chinese Hackers Accused of Breaching US Military, Government Systems in Global Campaign Linked to Beijing Government”. Diakses dari situs USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/12/20/feds-charge-chinese-hackers-intensify-pressure-beijing/2373826002/ pada 13 April 2020
Kamerling, Susanne dan Frans-Paul Van der Putten. “An Overseas Naval Presence without Overseas Bases: China’s Counter-piracy Operation in the Gulf of Aden”. Dari Journal of Current China Affairs 4/2011. (GIGA: Hamburg, 2011)
Khanna, Monty. “The Shifting Sands of Djibouti”. Observer Research Foundation Issue Brief no.331. (Desember 2019)
Li, Shitao. “Djibouti military base 'a manifestation of China's global interests”. Diakses dari https://www.dw.com/en/djibouti-military-base-a-manifestation-of-chinas-global-interests/a-39659013 pada 28 Februari 2020
Melvin, Neil. The Foreign Military Presence in the Horn of Africa Region, (Solna: Stockholm International Peace Research Forum, 2019).
Migiro, Geoffrey. “Where Is the Gulf of Aden?”. Diakses dari situs World Atlas, https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/where-is-the-gulf-of-aden.html pada 18 September 2019.
Mordechai Chaziza. China’s Military Base in Djibouti. (Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University, 2018)
Ploch, Lauren Blanchard dan Sarah R. Collins. China’s Engagement in Djibouti. Dari Laporan “Congressional Research Service: In Focus” tahun 2019.
Reuters. “FACTBOX-The Dangerous Gulf of Aden”. Diakses dari situs “Reuters” https://www.reuters.com/article/somalia-piracy-aden-idAFLDE70Q19S20110127 pada 18 September, 2019.
Styan, David. Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub. (London: Chatham House, 2013).
Sun, Degang dan Yahia H. Zoubir. The Eagle’s Nest in the Horn of Africa: US Military Strategic Deployment in Djibouti”. Jurnal Africa Spectrum. German Institute of Global and Area Studies. No. 1 (2016)
Sun, Yun. “China and the East Africa Railways: Beyond Full Industry Chain Export”. Diakses dari situs Brookings Institution. Diakses dari https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2017/07/06/china-and-the-east-africa-railways-beyond-full-industry-chain-export/ pada 23 Juni 2020
Sutton, H. I. Satellite Images Show that Chinese Navy is Expanding Overseas Base. Diakses dari situs “Forbes” https://www.forbes.com/sites/hisutton/2020/05/10/satellite-images-show-chinese-navy-is-expanding-overseas-base/#79972a368691 pada 27 Juni 2020
Trevithick, Joseph “China’s Base in the Horn of African Has a Huge Underground Bunker”, Diakses dari https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/12959/chinas-base-in-the-horn-of-african-has-a-huge-underground-bunker pada 16 September 2019.
U.S. Department of State. “U.S Relations with Djibouti”, Diakses dari https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-djibouti/ pada 3 Agustus 2020
U.S. Energy Information and Administration, “Three Important Oil Trade Checkpoints are Located Around the Arabian Peninsula” Diakses dari situs EIA. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=32352 pada 18 September. 2019.
Vinayak Bhat, “China’s Mega Fortress in Djibouti Could Be Model for Its Bases in Pakistan”, Diakses dari https://theprint.in/defence/china-mega-fortress-djibouti-pakistan/11031/ pada 16 September 2019.
Wiyanti, Kiki Pri Utami,. “Kepentingan Tiongkok Dalam Membangun Pangkalan Militer di Djibouti (Military Support Hub) (2015-2016)”. Diakses dari http://eprints.upnyk.ac.id/11993/ pada 11 November 2019.
Yuting, Su. “China, Djibouti Presidents Agree to Establish Strategic Partnership”. Diakses dari situs Youtube: CGTN Africa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JEkrUt6IUA pada 27 Juni 2020
Zhen, Liu. “US warns airmen to beware of laser attacks near China’s military base in Djibouti”,.Diakses dari situs South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2144387/us-warns-airmen-beware-laser-attacks-near-chinas pada 31 Mei 20
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Published
2021-07-01
How to Cite
Surya, M. R. (2021). Kepentingan Pemerintah Djibouti dalam Menerima Kehadiran Pangkalan Militer Asing Tiongkok. SIYAR Journal, 1(2), 85–115. https://doi.org/10.15642/siyar.2021.1.2.85-115
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