Zheng He and International Relations: An Asian Cultural Diplomacy Model

Tonny Dian  Effendi

doi:10.15642/jiir.2019.4.2.115-128

Authors

Tonny Dian Effendi Department of International Relations, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15642/jiir.2019.4.2.115-128

Keywords:

Zheng He, diplomacy, culture and international relations

Abstract

Zheng He is not only an important figure in China’s trade route in Southeast Asia until Africa, but He marked how cultural diplomacy carried out with a peaceful approach. Zheng He journey from China to various countries demonstrated how cultural diplomacy successfully is done. Therefore, the questions are: how is Zheng He diplomacy viewed from diplomacy in international relations study? What are the values that support this succeed? Is it can be a cultural diplomacy model in international relations study, at least for Asian countries? Those questions become the discussion in this article. The argument of this article is Zheng He does not only contribute to bilateral relations between China and the country where he visited, but he contributes in diplomacy study in international relations. Zheng He diplomatic style may become one of Asian diplomacy model, at least it contributes to the history of world diplomacy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ambary, Hasan Muarif. 2007. "Laksamana Cheng Ho dan Peranannya dalam Penyebaran Islam di Nusantara." In Laksamana Cheng Ho dan Asia Tenggara, by Leo Suryadinata, 75-87. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Bjola, Corneliu, and Marcus Kornprobst. 2015. Understanding International Diplomacy: Theory, Practice and Ethnic. London: Routldege.
Dahana, A. 2007. "Tujuh Pelayaran Cheng Ho sebagai Diplomasi Kebudayaan, 1405-1433." In Laksamana Cheng Ho dan Asia Tenggara, by Leo Suryadinata, 27-42. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Graff, H. J. de. 1998. Cina Muslim di Jawa Abad XV dan XVI. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana. Hamilton, Keith, and Richard Langhorne. 2011. The Practice of Diplomacy: Its Evolution, Theory and Administration. London: Routledge.
Jacques, Martin. 2011. When China Rules The World: Kebangkitan Dunia Timur dan Akhir Dunia Barat. Jakarta: Kompas.
Liang, Liji. 2012. Dari Relasi Upeti ke Mitra Strategis: 2.000 Tahun Perjalanan Hubungan Tiongkok-Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit Kompas.
Qurtuby, Sumanto Al. 2003. Arus Cina-Islam-Jawa: Bongkar Sejarah atas Peranan Tionghoa dalam Penyebaran Agama Islam di Nusantara Abad XV & XVI. Yogyakarta: Inspeal Ahimsakarya Press and INTI.
Qurtuby, Sumanto Al. 2007. "Sino-Javanese Muslim Culture." In Laksamana Cheng Ho dan Asia Tenggara, by Leo Suryadinata, 105-132. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Supangat, Max Mulyadi. 2010. "Cheng Ho, Pelaut Termasyur Dunia dan Berlajar Sampai ke Indonesia." In Menghidupkan Kembali Jalur Sutra Baru: Format Baru Hubungan Islam Indonesia dan China, by M. Ihksan Tanggok, Yusuf Sutanto, Yudi Latif, Max Muljadi Supangat, Tarmizi Taher, Liji Liang and Komarudin Hidayat, 127-151. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Suropati, Untung, Yohanes Sulaiman, and Ian Montratama. 2016. Arungi Samudera Bersama Sang Naga: Sinergi Poros Maritim Dunia dan Jalur Sutera Maritim Abad Ke-21. Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo.
Suryadinata, Leo. 2007. Laksamana Cheng Ho dan Asia Tenggara. Jakarta: LP3ES. Suryadinata, Leo. 2007. "Zheng He, Semarang dan Pengislaman Jawa: Antara Sejarah dan Legenda." In Laksamana Cheng Ho dan Asia Tenggara, by Leo Suryadinata, 88-104. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Tan, Ta Sen. 2007. "Apakah Zheng He Memang Bermaksud Menjajah Asia Tenggara?" In Laksamana Cheng Ho dan Asia Tenggara, by Leo Suryadinata, 12-26. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Tan, Ta Sen. 2010. Cheng Ho: Penyebar Islam dari China ke Nusantara. Jakarta: Peberbit Buku Kompas.
Tan, Ta Sen. 2007. "Hubungan Kerajaan Malaka dan Dinasti Ming: Sebuah Tinjauan Ulang." In Laksamana Cheng Ho dan Asia Tenggara, by Leo Suryadinata, 43-55. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Weng, Hew Wai. 2018. Chinese Ways of Being Muslim: Negotiating Ethnicity and Religiosity in Indonesia. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.
Widodo, Johannes. 2007. "Admiral Cheng Ho dan Kota-Kota Pesisir." In Leo Suryadinata, by Laksamana Cheng Ho dan Asia Tenggara, 56-74. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Yan, Xuetong. 2011. Ancient Chinese Thought, Modern Chinese Power. Princenton: Princenton University Press.
Zarkhoviche, Baha. 2016. Laksamana Cheng Ho: Panglima Islam Penakluk Dunia. Yogyakarta: Araska.
Zhang, Feng. 2010. "Rethinking the "Tribute System": Broadening The Conceptual Horizon of Historical East Asian Politics." In China and International Relations: The Chinese View and the Contribution of Wang Gungwu, by Yongnian Zheng, 73-102. Oxon: Routledge.